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Coordination Compounds formulas

Master Coordination Compounds through 22 JEE Advanced-level formulas, systematically structured with every variable spelled out. Revise concept-wise, identify the areas where you need improvement, and focus your preparation with greater precision.

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Coordination Compounds, every formula

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Coordination number
$C N = number of ligand donor atoms bonded to the metal$
Oxidation state of metal
$sum of charges = net charge of complex$
EAN (effective atomic number)
$E A N = Z - ox. state + 2 \times C N$
Spin-only magnetic moment
$μ = n (n + 2) BM$
n = unpaired electrons
CFSE (octahedral)
$C F S E = (- 0.4 n_{t_{2 g}} + 0.6 n_{e_{g}}) Δ_{o}$
Q1MCQCFSE
The CFSE of an octahedral complex is:
- A
  $(-0.4\,n_{t_{2g}}+0.6\,n_{e_g})\Delta_o$
- B
  $(0.4\,n_{t_{2g}})\Delta_o$
- C
  $n\Delta_o$
- D
  $\Delta_o$
Crystal field splitting order
$Δ_{o} > Δ_{t}$
Q1MCQSplitting order
Comparing crystal field splitting:
- A
  $\Delta_o>\Delta_t$
- B
  $\Delta_t>\Delta_o$
- C
  $\Delta_o=\Delta_t$
- D
  $\Delta_t=0$
Tetrahedral splitting
$Δ_{t} = \frac{4}{9} Δ_{o}$
Q1MCQTetrahedral splitting
The tetrahedral splitting equals:
- A
  $\tfrac49\Delta_o$
- B
  $\tfrac94\Delta_o$
- C
  $\Delta_o$
- D
  $\tfrac12\Delta_o$
Pairing vs splitting
$Δ_{o} > P \Rightarrow low spin; Δ_{o} < P \Rightarrow high spin$
Q1MCQSpin state
A complex is low-spin when:
- A
  $\Delta_o>P$
- B
  $\Delta_o<P$
- C
  $\Delta_o=0$
- D
  $P=0$
Werner primary valence
$oxidation state (ionizable)$
Q1MCQPrimary valence
Werner's primary valence corresponds to the:
- A
  oxidation state
- B
  coordination number
- C
  denticity
- D
  charge of ligand
Werner secondary valence
$coordination number (non-ionizable)$
Q1MCQSecondary valence
Werner's secondary valence corresponds to the:
- A
  coordination number
- B
  oxidation state
- C
  charge
- D
  denticity
Geometrical isomers (MA₂B₂ square planar)
$cis and trans$
Q1MCQGeometrical isomers
A square-planar $MA_2B_2$ complex shows which isomerism?
- A
  cis–trans (geometrical)
- B
  optical only
- C
  linkage
- D
  none
Optical isomers
$non-superimposable mirror images$
Q1MCQOptical isomers
Optical isomers are:
- A
  non-superimposable mirror images
- B
  identical molecules
- C
  cis and trans
- D
  linkage isomers
Ionization isomerism
$exchange of ligand and counter-ion$
Q1MCQIonization isomerism
Ionization isomerism arises from:
- A
  exchange of a ligand and the counter-ion
- B
  different donor atoms
- C
  different geometries
- D
  chirality
Linkage isomerism
$ambidentate ligand binds through different atoms$
Q1MCQLinkage isomerism
Linkage isomerism occurs with:
- A
  ambidentate ligands
- B
  chelating ligands
- C
  monodentate only
- D
  neutral ligands
Chelate effect
$polydentate ligands increase stability$
Q1MCQChelate effect
The chelate effect refers to the extra stability from:
- A
  polydentate (chelating) ligands
- B
  monodentate ligands
- C
  high temperature
- D
  low charge
Denticity
$number of donor atoms per ligand$
Q1MCQDenticity
Denticity is the number of:
- A
  donor atoms per ligand
- B
  ligands per metal
- C
  metal atoms
- D
  electrons donated
Stability constant
$K_{f} = \frac{[ complex ]}{[ metal ] [ ligand ] ^{n}}$
Q1MCQStability constant
The formation (stability) constant is:
- A
  $\dfrac{[\text{complex}]}{[\text{metal}][\text{ligand}]^{n}}$
- B
  $\dfrac{[\text{metal}][\text{ligand}]^{n}}{[\text{complex}]}$
- C
  $[\text{complex}]$
- D
  $[\text{ligand}]^{n}$
Spectrochemical series
$I^{-} < B r^{-} < C l^{-} < F^{-} < H_{2} O < N H_{3} < C N^{-} < C O$
Q1MCQSpectrochemical series
Which is the strongest-field ligand?
- A
  $CO$
- B
  $I^{-}$
- C
  $Cl^{-}$
- D
  $H_2O$
d-electron count
$d^{n} = group number - ox. state$
Strong field ligands
$cause low-spin, larger Δ_{o}$
Q1MCQStrong field
Strong-field ligands generally give:
- A
  low-spin complexes
- B
  high-spin complexes
- C
  no splitting
- D
  colourless complexes
Colour of complexes
$due to d - d transitions$
Q1MCQColour
The colour of transition-metal complexes is due to:
- A
  $d$–$d$ transitions
- B
  nuclear transitions
- C
  $s$–$s$ transitions
- D
  vibrations
Charge of complex ion
$metal charge + \sum ligand charges$

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Coordination Compounds formulas

Coordination Compounds, every formula

Coordination number

Oxidation state of metal

EAN (effective atomic number)

Spin-only magnetic moment

CFSE (octahedral)

Crystal field splitting order

Tetrahedral splitting

Pairing vs splitting

Werner primary valence

Werner secondary valence

Geometrical isomers (MA₂B₂ square planar)

Optical isomers

Ionization isomerism

Linkage isomerism

Chelate effect

Denticity

Stability constant

Spectrochemical series

d-electron count

Strong field ligands

Colour of complexes

Charge of complex ion

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