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Practical Physics formulas

Master Practical Physics through 16 JEE Advanced-level formulas, systematically structured with every variable spelled out. Revise concept-wise, identify the areas where you need improvement, and focus your preparation with greater precision.

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Practical Physics, every formula

16 formulas, typeset and free. Print it, or keep it open beside your practice.

Vernier least count
$LC = 1 MSD - 1 VSD$
Q1MCQVernier LC
The least count of a vernier caliper is:
- A
  $1\,\text{MSD}-1\,\text{VSD}$
- B
  $1\,\text{MSD}+1\,\text{VSD}$
- C
  $\dfrac{1\,\text{VSD}}{N}$
- D
  $1\,\text{MSD}$
Vernier LC (standard)
$LC = \frac{1 MSD}{N}$
Screw gauge least count
$LC = \frac{pitch}{no. of divisions}$
Q1MCQScrew gauge LC
The least count of a screw gauge is:
- A
  $\dfrac{\text{pitch}}{\text{divisions}}$
- B
  $\text{pitch}\times\text{divisions}$
- C
  $\text{pitch}$
- D
  $\dfrac{\text{divisions}}{\text{pitch}}$
Pitch of a screw
$pitch = \frac{distance moved}{no. of rotations}$
Reading (vernier)
$reading = MSR + VSR \times LC$
Q1MCQVernier reading
The total reading of a vernier is:
- A
  $\text{MSR}+\text{VSR}\times\text{LC}$
- B
  $\text{MSR}\times\text{VSR}$
- C
  $\text{VSR}\times\text{LC}$
- D
  $\text{MSR}-\text{VSR}$
Zero error correction
$true = observed - zero error$
Q1MCQZero error
To correct for a positive zero error, we:
- A
  subtract it from the observed reading
- B
  add it
- C
  ignore it
- D
  multiply by it
Meter bridge unknown resistance
$X = \frac{( 100 - l )}{l} R$
Q1MCQMeter bridge
In a meter bridge, the unknown resistance is:
- A
  $\dfrac{100-l}{l}R$
- B
  $\dfrac{l}{100-l}R$
- C
  $lR$
- D
  $\dfrac{R}{l}$
Percentage error
$\frac{Δ a}{a} \times 100$
Q1MCQ% error
The percentage error in a quantity is:
- A
  $\dfrac{\Delta a}{a}\times100$
- B
  $\dfrac{a}{\Delta a}\times100$
- C
  $\Delta a\times100$
- D
  $\dfrac{\Delta a}{a}$
Simple pendulum g
$g = \frac{4 π ^{2} L}{T ^{2}}$
Q1MCQPendulum g
In a simple pendulum experiment, $g$ is found from:
- A
  $\dfrac{4\pi^{2}L}{T^{2}}$
- B
  $\dfrac{4\pi^{2}T^{2}}{L}$
- C
  $\dfrac{L}{T^{2}}$
- D
  $4\pi^{2}LT^{2}$
Focal length (u-v method)
$\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u}$
Q1MCQFocal length
The lens formula used in the u–v method is:
- A
  $\dfrac{1}{f}=\dfrac{1}{v}-\dfrac{1}{u}$
- B
  $\dfrac{1}{f}=\dfrac{1}{v}+\dfrac{1}{u}$
- C
  $f=v-u$
- D
  $f=uv$
Ohm's law verification
$V = I R$
Q1MCQOhm's law
To verify Ohm's law we plot:
- A
  $V$ versus $I$ (straight line)
- B
  $V$ versus $I^{2}$
- C
  $V^{2}$ versus $I$
- D
  $\dfrac1V$ versus $I$
Sonometer frequency
$f = \frac{1}{2 L} \frac{T}{μ}$
Q1MCQSonometer
The sonometer frequency is:
- A
  $\dfrac{1}{2L}\sqrt{\dfrac{T}{\mu}}$
- B
  $\dfrac{1}{L}\sqrt{\dfrac{T}{\mu}}$
- C
  $2L\sqrt{\dfrac{T}{\mu}}$
- D
  $\dfrac{1}{2L}\sqrt{\dfrac{\mu}{T}}$
Specific heat (calorimetry)
$m_{1} s_{1} Δ T_{1} = m_{2} s_{2} Δ T_{2}$
Q1MCQCalorimetry
The principle of calorimetry states heat lost equals:
- A
  heat gained
- B
  work done
- C
  zero
- D
  temperature
Young's modulus (Searle)
$Y = \frac{F L}{A Δ L}$
Q1MCQYoung's modulus
In Searle's experiment, $Y$ is:
- A
  $\dfrac{FL}{A\Delta L}$
- B
  $\dfrac{A\Delta L}{FL}$
- C
  $FL$
- D
  $\dfrac{F}{A}$
Resistance from color code
$value = A B \times 1 0^{C} Ω$
Q1MCQColour code
A resistor's value from colour bands $A,B,C$ is:
- A
  $AB\times10^{C}$
- B
  $A+B+C$
- C
  $ABC$
- D
  $\dfrac{AB}{C}$
Refractive index (real/apparent depth)
$μ = \frac{real depth}{apparent depth}$
Q1MCQRefractive index
The refractive index from real and apparent depth is:
- A
  $\dfrac{\text{real depth}}{\text{apparent depth}}$
- B
  $\dfrac{\text{apparent depth}}{\text{real depth}}$
- C
  real $\times$ apparent
- D
  $1$

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Practical Physics formulas

Practical Physics, every formula

Vernier least count

Vernier LC (standard)

Screw gauge least count

Pitch of a screw

Reading (vernier)

Zero error correction

Meter bridge unknown resistance

Percentage error

Simple pendulum g

Focal length (u-v method)

Ohm's law verification

Sonometer frequency

Specific heat (calorimetry)

Young's modulus (Searle)

Resistance from color code

Refractive index (real/apparent depth)

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